Four different clonal lineages have been described, as well as three main stages in the transmission to definitive and intermediate hosts, cats being the main transmission agents of the infection. Toxoplasma gondii may probably infect all warm-blooded animals, including humans. The objectives of the study were to biologically characterize Toxoplasma gondii and the immune response displayed, and identify the elements facilitating the clinical diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Despite the large number of cases, Toxoplasma gondii is not well known by the general population or even the medical personnel, a fact of which Cuba is not an exception. Toxoplasmosis has been considered the 20th century parasitic disease, with a seroprevalence of 25-30% of the world human population, and 50%-75% in Cuba. Los principales grupos en riesgo a padecer la enfermedad son los individuos inmunodeprimidos en quienes es capaz La respuesta celular Th1 origina un factor de resistencia en el hospedador, al decaer el parásito recupera su patogenicidad y puede ocasionar enfermedad diseminada. Las transmisiones oral y placentaria son las principales vías de transmisión de Toxoplasma gondii. Se han descrito cuatro linajes clonales diferentes y posee tres estadios principales de transmisión a los hospederos definitivos e intermediarios, siendo el gato el agente principal agente transmisor de la infección. La Toxoplasma gondii puede infectar probablemente a todos los animales de sangre caliente incluyendo los humanos. Los objetivos del trabajo son caracterizar biológicamente a Toxoplasma gondii y la respuesta inmune desplegada, e identificar los elementos que facilitan el diagnóstico clínico de la toxoplasmosis. A pesar de la casuística, Toxoplasma gondii no es bien conocido por la población general, inclusive por el personal médico Cuba no escapa de esta realidad. 2019 38(4):e256 Esta obra está bajo una licencia 1 Artículo de revisión El nexo entre biología, respuesta inmune y clínica en la infección por Toxoplasma gondii Relationship between biology, immune response and clinical characteristics in Toxoplasma gondii infection Mileydis Cruz Quevedo 1* RESUMEN La toxoplasmosis ha sido considerada la parasitosis del siglo XX, con una seroprevalencia entre 25-30 % de la población humana general en Cuba puede oscilar entre 50 %-75 %. Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas. gondii strains between domestic and wild environments. gondii in a faecal sample from a wild felid at very low concentrations (not detected by microscopy) is consistent with the hypothesis of host-parasite co-adaptations limiting the circulation of T. gondii in faeces of wild South American felids in their natural environment indicates infrequent oocyst shedding and suggests a role of acquired immunity in limiting re-excretion as in domestic cats. gondii strain of BrIII lineage, a common lineage in domestic animals from Brazil. Only one faecal sample from a Puma yagouaroundi was PCR-positive. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive samples were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers. gondii DNA using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the 529bp DNA fragment. We carried out molecular analysis of 82 faecal samples from wild felids collected in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (Parnaso), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. However, the patterns of oocysts shedding are only partially understood in domestic cats and largely unknown in wild felids. All true cats (Felidae) can act as definitive hosts for this parasite by shedding resistant oocysts into the environment. Toxoplasma gondii is a apicomplexan parasite of virtually all warm-blooded species.
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